Robert Rauschenberg. Gagosian Gallery, through 12 November 2011
The Paris subsidiary of Larry Gagosian's art gallery presents an exhibition of Robert Rauschenberg's (1929-2008) paintings and sculptures.
Rauschenberg is generally held to be among those who shifted the order of things in the art world. Between 1954 and 1964, a typical example of his art was a hybrid combining elements of painting and sculpture and markedly departing from Abstract Expressionism's 'art for art's sake', focusing on social, personal and political subjects instead. Rauschenberg used newspaper cuttings and found objects, aiming to create a monolithic entity in which content and form is an integral whole.
1964 saw the 39-year old artist win the Golden Lion of the Venice Biennale - probably one of the world's most prestigious art awards - becoming the first American to do so. What ensued after the award ceremony was nothing short of panic that consumed the art circles of the Old World. The ideological battle (which is how Michael Archer refers to it in his Art Since 1960) had started with the European tour of a group exhibition by American artists. 1964 was the year of both the Venice Biennale and the Kassel documenta. The group of artists represented by the collector and art dealer Leo Castelli appeared at both, also showing in Paris and London. They advertised in the Art International Magazine, visually announcing their 'invasion' in a typically American fashion. The magazine page featured a map of Europe depicting a military intervention: the foundation of Europe was destroyed by an attack simultaneously launched from four major art hubs (London, Paris, Kassel, Venice). Rauschenberg's triumph at the Venice Biennale inspired international art critics to borrow terms and epithets more suited for war reports or sports news: 'victory of the American contemporary art over Europe', etc.
Rauschenberg spent the whole of his creative life searching for innovations. His works were featured at many of the world's most significant art exhibitions and events. At the 2003 Venice Biennale, the curator Francesco Bonami presented a grand show centred on the above mentioned 1964 and the following events.
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